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Security Advisories

SUMMARY

CVE-2026-9266: Missing Required Cryptographic Step Vulnerability in Industrial Computers

This security advisory addresses a vulnerability identified in Moxa’s industrial computers.

CVE-2026-9266

A Missing Required Cryptographic Step vulnerability has been identified in Moxa's embedded Linux firmware for industrial computers and controllers. This vulnerability represents an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-0714. The firmware introduced TPM2 parameter encryption as a countermeasure against CVE-2026-0714. However, an omission in the authorization session configuration causes the parameter encryption to provide no effective protection. An attacker with invasive physical access to the device can still capture TPM communications on the SPI bus and derive the LUKS disk encryption key in plaintext. While successful exploitation results in full compromise of the encrypted disk volume, the attack requires invasive physical access, including opening the device and attaching external equipment to the SPI bus. Remote exploitation is not possible, and the attack does not affect any downstream systems.

Given the severity of this vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the latest firmware updates immediately to mitigate associated security risks.

 

The Identified Vulnerability Type and Potential Impact 

CVE ID Vulnerability Type Impact
CVE-2026-9266

CWE-325: Missing Cryptographic Step

CAPEC-699: Eavesdropping on a Monitor

Vulnerability Scoring Details 

CVE ID
Base Score
Vector
Severity

Unauthenticated

Remote Exploits

CVE-2026-9266

CVSS:4.0: 7.0

AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/

VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

High No
AFFECTED PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS

Solutions

Moxa has developed appropriate solutions to address this vulnerability. The solutions for the affected products are listed in the following table: 

Product Series Affected Versions Solutions

UC Series

  • UC-1200A Series

  • UC-2200A Series

  • UC-3400A Series

  • UC-4400A Series

  • UC-8200 Series

OS image (MIL3 Secure version)

  • v1.4 and earlier 

  • v1.4 and earlier 

  • v1.2 and earlier 

  • v1.3 and earlier 

  • v1.5 and earlier 

OS image (MIL4  Secure version)

Please refer to Update Instructions as the primary remediation step

For additional support, please contact Moxa Technical Support

V Series

  • V1200 Series

OS image (MIL3 Secure version)

  • v1.2.0 and earlier 

V Series

  • V3200 Series

  • V3400 Series

OS image (MIL3 Secure version)

  • v1.1 and earlier 

V2406C Series

  • V2406C WL Models

OS image (MIL2 Secure version)

  • v1.2 and earlier

Please refer to Mitigations

 

Update Instructions

The following packages are required to remediate the affected systems. Select the update procedure that matches your network environment.

Packages List

Product Series PACKAGE NAME with VERSION

UC-1200A Series

MIL3.4.1 and before

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-am64x=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

  • sparklan-qca9377-driver-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-am64x=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

MIL4.0.0

  • linux-image-6.12.0-cip-moxa-am64x=6.12.39-cip5-moxa13-1+deb13

UC-2200A Series

MIL3.4.1 and before

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-am64x=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

  • sparklan-qca9377-driver-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-am64x=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

MIL4.0.0

  • linux-image-6.12.0-cip-moxa-am64x=6.12.39-cip5-moxa13-1+deb13

UC-3400A Series

MIL3.4.1 and before

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-am62x=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

  • ublox-m2-maya-w271-driver-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

MIL4.0.0

  • linux-image-6.12.0-cip-moxa-am62x=6.12.39-cip5-moxa13-1+deb13
  • ublox-m2-maya-w271-driver-6.12.0-cip-moxa=6.12.39-cip5-moxa13-1+deb13

UC-4400A Series

MIL3.4.1 and before

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-imx8mp=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

  • emwicon-wmx7205-driver=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

MIL4.0.0

  • linux-image-6.12.0-cip-moxa-imx8mp=6.12.39-cip5-moxa13-1+deb13
UC-8200 Series

MIL3.4.1 and before

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-imx7d=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u7

V1200 Series

MIL3

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-imx8mp=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

  • emwicon-wmx7205-driver=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa9-1+deb11u6

V3200 Series

MIL3

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-tigerlake=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa24-1+deb11
  • wmx7205-5.10.0-moxa-tigerlake=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa24-1-tigerlake+deb11
V3400 Series

MIL3

  • linux-image-5.10.0-cip-rt-moxa-tigerlake=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa24-1+deb11
  • wmx7205-5.10.0-moxa-tigerlake=5.10.234-cip57-rt25-moxa24-1-tigerlake+deb11

Online update procedures

sudo apt update
sudo apt install <package_name with version>

 

Offline update procedures

This procedure is intended for systems operating in air-gapped environments.

Prerequisites

  • An internet-connected staging machine of the same product model and MIL system version as the target system.

Offline Phase 1 - Download on Staging Machine

sudo apt update
mkdir /tmp/cve-update && cd /tmp/cve-update
apt download <package_name with version>

  • Transfer the downloaded .deb files to the target system via an authorized secure medium (e.g., approved USB drive) per your enterprise security policy.

Offline Phase 2 - Install on Target System

  • Back up critical configuration files or take a system snapshot.
  • Navigate to the directory containing the transferred .deb files and install:

cd /path/to/deb-files/
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

  • Note: If dependency errors occur, ensure all required dependency packages are included.

Common Final Step: Reboot and Verify

  • After updating the security patches, the system must be rebooted. After the system has rebooted, perform a version check to ensure the update was successful.
  • Run the following command for each package listed under your product series in the Packages List above:

dpkg-query -W <package_name>

 

Mitigations

For users where physical access control cannot be guaranteed, and who may not be able to perform the update, we provide the following recommended mitigation measures as an alternative to mitigate the risk associated with the vulnerability.

  • For the V2406C WL Models, operate the device within a controlled physical access environment to mitigate risks associated with unauthorized physical access.

  • Refer to the General Security Recommendations section to further strengthen your security context.

 

General Security Recommendations

To safeguard devices and networks, we recommend implementing the following recommendations to mitigate potential risks:

  1. Restrict Network Access
    • Use firewalls or access control lists (ACLs) to limit communication to trusted IP addresses and networks.
    • Segregate operational networks from other networks (e.g., enterprise networks) using VLANs or physical separation.
  2. Minimize Exposure
    • Avoid exposing devices directly to the Internet.
    • Disable unused network services and ports to reduce the attack surface.
  3. Enhance Device Authentication and Access Control
    • Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for accessing critical systems.
    • Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the principle of least privilege.
    • Prohibit the use of weak passwords and enforce a password policy that includes password complexity requirements, periodic password changes, and restrictions on password reuse.
  4. Regularly Update Firmware and Software
    • Keep devices updated with the latest firmware versions and security patches.
    • Establish a regular patch management schedule to address newly identified vulnerabilities.
  5. Secure Remote Access
    • Use encrypted communication protocols (e.g., VPN, SSH) for remote access.
    • Restrict remote access to authorized personnel only and enforce strong authentication mechanisms.
  6. Implement Anomaly Detection Techniques
    • Monitor network traffic and device behavior for unusual or unauthorized activities.
    • Use tools or techniques that can identify anomalies and provide alerts for potential threats.
  7. Implement Logging and Monitoring
    • Enable event logging and maintain audit trails on devices.
    • Regularly review logs for anomalies and unauthorized access attempts.
  8. Conduct Regular Security Assessments
    • Perform vulnerability assessments to identify potential risks.
    • Regularly review device configurations to ensure compliance with security policies.

 

Acknowledgement

We would like to express our gratitude to Cyloq for reporting the vulnerability, collaborating with us to enhance the security of our products, and contributing to our efforts to deliver better service to our customers.

 

Revision History:

VERSION DESCRIPTION RELEASE DATE
1.0 First release June 12,  2026

Relevant Products

UC-1200A Series · UC-2200A Series · UC-3400A Series · UC-4400A Series · UC-8200 Series · V1200 Series · V2406C Series · V3200 Series · V3400 Series ·

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